12 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Algorithm 1) ... renal mechanism 2) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Volume Depleted 2° ... Expanded 1° / 2° ... BAH, AME, GRA, Cushing's ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Volume Depleted - 2° ... Expanded - 1° or 2° ... BAH, AME, GRA, Cushing's ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... Carbenoxolone, SAME, Cushing ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
and Workup Step ... Step 2. ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Volume Depleted - 2° ... Euvolemic* - 1°/2° ... BAH, AME, GRA, Cushing's ... #Nephrology #Causes
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Cushing's Syndrome ... purple abdominal striae ... is decreased), hypernatremia ... , metabolic alkalosis ... levels following a low-dose
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... High effective arterial ... ↓ Aldosterone: Cushing ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... damage or DM (visit 2) ... • Steroids (Cushing's ... Unilateral RAS Metabolic ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Features: • Triad ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... causes #treatment #nephrology