12 results
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
CNS Ring-Enhancing ... + toxo IgG • CNS ... 30% present w/ CNS ... histoplasmosis, cryptococcus ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Differential Diagnosis for Concurrent Brain and Lung Infections
 • Bacteria: Strep anginosus, Staph aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Diagnosis for Concurrent ... Mucormycosis, Cryptococcus ... Lung #Infections #Concurrent ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Multiple Cranial Neuropathies - High Yield Differential Diagnosis
 • Intrinsic brainstem process
 • Compressive brainstem process
Neurosarcoidosis • CNS ... VZV, syphilis, cryptococcus ... rarely botulism) Casey ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Concurrent Brain and Lung Lesions
 • Bacteria: Nocardia spp, Strep anginosus, Staph aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae (hypervirulent),
Concurrent Brain ... Mucormycosis, Cryptococcus ... Lung #Infections #Concurrent ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Concurrent Brain and Lung Lesions
 • Bacteria: Nocardia spp, Strep anginosus, Staph aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae (hypervirulent),
Concurrent Brain ... Mucormycosis, Cryptococcus ... Lung #Infections #Concurrent ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
CNS Infection in ... present in 15% of cases ... Demyelinating disease caused ... culture positive Cryptococcal ... lesions • CSF cryptococcal
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
pneumonia (PJP), MAI, Cryptococcal ... nodules, plaques) Cryptococcus ... Lymphadenopathy, CNS ... Legionella: • Nausea ... factor • May cause
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Most common cause ... antibiotics once stable ... shows a small, stable ... Dermatitidis - Cryptococcus ... #differential #causes
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - Overview of IRIS

What Is IRIS?
	• A state of hyperinflammatory response that
pleural effusions, CNS ... cavitation • Cryptococcus ... unintentional weight loss, nausea ... patient has known cryptococcal ... for most OI • Cryptococcal
Invasive Fungal Infection (IFI)

Invasive fungal infections are severe infections in which fungal pathogens invade normally sterile
(most frequent cause ... pulmonary infections) Cryptococcus ... species (commonly CNS ... galactomannan, cryptococcal