16 results
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... FeCa <1 %) - Low ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated ... #evaluation #workup
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... treated with IV potassium ... consumption • Low ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Carbenoxolone, SAME, Cushing ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation ... value for this ... If the value is ... low, tests to detect ... #Workup #Hematology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... Approach (when evaluation ... previously stable values ... renal bruit or signs
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pump - Digoxin works ... intracellular calcium causes ... levels can be elevated ... , in states of hypokalemia ... (or low potassium
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... priapism • Lab values ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Cr, Low calcium ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis
Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
Evaluation begins ... search for warning signs ... Most cases of hypokalemia-induced ... depletion impedes potassium ... #Diagnosis #Hypokalemia
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Loss of sodium/Potassium ... → Syncope • Signs ... normal/mildly elevated ... Hypoglycemia - Hypocalcemia ... #causes #stroke
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
Plasma ACTH - Elevated ... in cases in which ... Insufficiency #Evaluation ... #laboratory #diagnosis ... endocrinology #workup