10 results
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Myocardium: - Heart failure ... - Tamponade Pulmonary ... - Asthma - COPD ... Additional: - Acidosis ... diagnosis #causes #pulmonary
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Acute: Trauma, COPD ... Chronic: Asthma, COPD ... : Tumor, Vocal cord ... Chronic: Metabolic acidosis ... (eg, DM, renal failure
Shock Classification
Shock Definition: State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
cellular and tissue hypoxia ... symptomatic tachycardia, dyspnea ... , cold clammy skin ... brain or spinal cord ... CARDIOGENIC (Cold
Shock Types - Classification
State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
cellular and tissue hypoxia ... symptomatic tachycardia, dyspnea ... , cold clammy skin ... brain or spinal cord ... ring OBSTRUCTIVE (Cold
Asthma vs COPD Presentation and Diagnosis
Asthma:
 • Epidemiology: Age usually < 45, History (personal or family)
Asthma vs COPD Presentation ... between attacks COPD ... of right heart failure ... Subxiphoid PMI • COPD ... EricsMedicalLectures/ #Asthma #COPD
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
/Chronic renal failure ... , pain, fever, hypoxia ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... with associated hypoxia ... lung disease (COPD
Pulmonary Hypertension Groups - WHO Classification
Group I - Vascular remodeling of pulmonary arteries
 • Idiopathic, HIV,
• Left heart failure ... disease causing hypoxemia ... • COPD, ILD, ... activity worsens dyspnea ... markedly limited by dyspnea
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

Expiratory & Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure
Both increase intrathoracic pressure, which can decrease
In COPD, decreases ... edema) • COPD ... on chronic resp acidosis ... patients (ie., CHF or COPD ... increased WOB, dyspnea
Hypophosphatemia and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology

↓ Phosphate leads to ↓ red cell 2,3-DPG and a  reduction
to respiratory acidosis ... acute respiratory failure ... phosphorus is seen in COPD ... patients with COPD ... pathophysiology #pulmonary
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
consider infarction, hypoxia ... include heart failure ... common cause of dyspnea ... bronchitis, and COPD ... Breathing #Patterns #Pulmonary