14 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
interarticularis stress ... S1 => Weakened stability ... (Stork test) ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology
Mixing Study
 • Clotting tests can be abnormal due to either a clotting factor deficiency, or
Study • Clotting tests ... • Clotting tests ... Mixing #Study #diagnosis ... #hematology #pathophysiology ... #hematology #laboratory
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
Liver Chemistry Tests ... cytoplasmic (CAST ... Liver #Chemistry #Tests ... #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #LFTs
Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)
Tests:
 • MCV/RBC - RBC ↓ in proportion to the ↓ in hemoglobin
Anemia (IDA) Tests ... total body iron stores ... #ferritin #Fe #diagnosis ... #hematology
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
three primary pathophysiologic ... Complement: Post-strep ... #differential #diagnosis ... #algorithm #rheumatology
Diagnosing Vitamin B12 and/or Folate Deficiency

It turns out that simply measuring serum levels of B12 or
Diagnosing Vitamin ... inadequate to diagnosis ... the first line tests ... Folate #Deficiency #Diagnosis ... #Nutrition #Hematology
Etiologies of Folate Deficiency
 • Decreased dietary intake - uncommon in this era
 • Increased requirements
Alcoholics have an inability ... mobilize folate stores ... depleted tissue stores ... #differential #diagnosis ... #hematology #nutrition
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... transfusion • Pathophysiology ... of (Acute resp distress ... Transfusion #Reactions #hematology ... #diagnosis #comparison
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Presentation: 
 • Plts ↓50% (nadir
Thrombocytopenia (HIT) - Diagnosis ... ♀, ↑Age, ESRD Pathophysiology ... approach for post-test ... : Confirmatory test ... Management #Treatment #Hematology
Normal Thromboelastogram - Specific parameters represent the 3 phases of the cell-based model of haemostasis: initiation,
from start of test ... ; i.e. overall stability ... lysis time (s) #Diagnosis ... #Hematology #Coagulation