781 results
Causes of Enuresis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (Urinary Control Never Achieved)
 • Delayed Maturation
Diagnosis Algorithm Primary ... Nocturnal Enuresis (Urinary ... Continence Prior): • Urinary ... Child Abuse) • Cystitis ... Infrequent Voiding (Urinary
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
low urine osm): Primary ... /Inflammation: Urinary ... , Interstitial cystitis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Urinary
Leukocyte Esterase and Nitrites on Urinalysis
Leukocyte Esterase: Urinary tract infection, Indwelling urinary catheter, Recent instrumentation of
Leukocyte Esterase: Urinary ... infection, Indwelling urinary ... , Interstitial cystitis ... tract Nitrites: Urinary ... infection, Indwelling urinary
IDSA Algorithm for Management of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis
Approach to choosing an optimal antimicrobial agent for empirical
Uncomplicated Cystitis ... uncomplicated cystitis ... double-strength; UTI, urinary ... Uncomplicated #Cystitis
Hypophosphatemia - Measurement of urine phosphate excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • GI loss
 • Redistribution
Redistribution • Primary ... deficiency • Primary ... Hypophosphatemia #urine #urinary
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
neurogenic bladder, urinary ... UTIs, indwelling urinary ... chills, dysuria, urinary ... frequency, urinary ... fermenting sugar or urinary
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
Lower Urinary Tract ... neurogenic bladder, urinary ... epithelium -> Lower Urinary ... Tract Infection ("Cystitis ... Repetitive need to urinate
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
OBSTRUCTIVE • Urinary ... cervical cancer) • Urinary ... Glomerulonephritides (GN) • Primary ... Disease process primarily
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Upper Urinary Tract ... neurogenic bladder, urinary ... - Indwelling urinary ... accumulation Lower Urinary ... bacteriuria or cystitis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... White blood cell - Urinary ... pyelonephritis, cystitis ... amzn.to/34t5DgJ #Urinary