19 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... to Urology for cystoscopy ... Nephrology if cause ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Overfilling of the bladder ... BPH, urethral or bladder ... mellitus -> Bladder ... obstruction visible on cystoscopy ... SUI or UUI not caused
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
Diagnosis and workup ... the diagnostic workup ... Alzheimer - 1st cause ... Dementia - 2nd cause ... progressive - Loss of bladder
Fractured foley catheter in male patient on Bladder Ultrasound

Potential causes of catheter trauma: excessive force, kinking,
male patient on Bladder ... Ultrasound Potential causes ... Cystoscopy needed ... foley #catheter #Bladder
Colovesical Fistula on Cystoscopy
A 72-year-old woman presented to the urology clinic with a 2-week history of
Colovesical Fistula on Cystoscopy ... Cystoscopic examination ... of the bladder ... Causes of colovesical ... Colovesical #Fistula #Cystoscopy
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... Testing Common causes ... Tests to evaluate cause ... #Screening #Workup ... #table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... Hypertension - Workup ... with previously stable ... #Hypertension #Workup ... #causes #Differential
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... for non-calculus causes ... Surgical—retrograde cystoscopy
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Intraoperative Hypertension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Hypertension is most commonly due to inappropriate depth of
Guidelines for Crises ... hypercarbia as causes ... antihypertensives • Distended bladder ... syndrome) • Medical causes ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup