32 results
Urine Microscopy Instructions
1) Spin fresh urine sample (10-15mL) in a centrifuge for 3-5 minutes - Don't
Urine Microscopy ... power (casts may ... If findings are ... #Instructions #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
basement membrane disease ... hematuria • Signs ... of glomerular disease ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
→ "setting sun sign ... " - Vascular disease ... (stroke) Dr. ... Parinauds #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #pineal #neurology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... Red cell casts - Diagnostic ... to 3 per high-power ... #Atlas #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
"setting sun" sign ... • Vascular disease ... pretectal area By Dr ... Parinauds #syndrome #neurology ... #diagnosis
Argyll Robertson Pupil
Definition:
 - Irregular and small (1-2mm) pupil
 - Light-near dissociation (accommodation remains intact)
 -
Dark, Mydriatics Diseases ... Encephalopathy By Dr ... Robertson #Pupil #neurology ... #diagnosis #ophthalmology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and Disease ... Advanced kidney disease ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Ptosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Ptosis (Greek- to fall) Drooping of the upper eyelid that usually results
Neurogenic Ptosis - Neurologic ... disease affecting ... myopathy • Myotonic dystrophy ... Syndrome #Ptosis #neurology ... #ophthalmology
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
Clinical: • Disease ... exertion • Neurologic ... dysrhythmias • Ophthalmologic ... #Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs
Lyme Disease: Early and Late Clinical manifestations
Stage 1. Localized
 • EM appears 7-14 days at the
Lyme Disease: Early ... abnormalities are ... • Heralded by neurologic ... Remitting, chronic • Neurologic ... #diagnosis #signs