64 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
The HINTS Exam - Differentiating Central vs Peripheral Vertigo

Head Impulse Test
Nystagmus
Test of Skew

Animation by Dr. Y.
Nystagmus Test ... Animation by Dr ... #HINTS #Exam #PhysicalExam ... #Testing #Vertigo ... Central #Peripheral #Neurology
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diabetes Insipidus Workup ... & desmopressin test ... ASanchez_PS and Dr ... Algorithm #Sodium #nephrology
Pronator Drift Testing for Stroke
Subtle extensor weakness - Sign of Upper motor neuron lesion
In detecting CT/MRI
Pronator Drift Testing ... test characteristics ... Pronator #Drift #Testing ... #Stroke #physicalexam ... #diagnosis #neurology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Cerebral salt wasting ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia
In patients with anemia, diagnose iron deficiency if:
 • Ferritin <
patients with anemia, diagnose ... disease with serology ... biopsy only if serology ... Non-invasive testing ... Gastrointestinal #Evaluation #workup
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Cerebral salt wasting ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
The head impulse test (HIT) result is positive (abnormal) in nearly all patients with a peripheral
The head impulse test ... a stand-alone test ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam ... #Neurology #AVS ... #HeadImpulse #Testing
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology