14 results
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
dysrhythmias Hypokalemia ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone resistance ... Hypomagnesemia #Signs #Symptoms
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... disorders causing hypocalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone resistance ... kidney disease #Hypocalcemia ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... Syndrome • PTH RESISTANCE ... PTH Signaling #Hypocalcemia ... Diagnosis #Management #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Hereditary Vitamin D Resistance ... PTH • PTH Resistance ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... Vitamin D Deficiency/Resistance ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Severe or resistant ... hypertension: Resistant ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs and Symptoms
 • Brain: Androgenization effects, Glucocorticoid effects,
Deficiency - Signs and Symptoms ... Metabolism: Insulin resistance ... Deficiency #Signs #Symptoms ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
To prevent hypokalemia ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
↑ T3 - Mild hypercalcemia ... #differential #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical features - Classic triad (flank pain, hematuria,
Symptoms of metastatic ... RCC is highly resistant ... Hypercalcemia 4