10 results
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Lactated Ringers (LR ... Composition of LR ... 130 mEq/L • Potassium ... transcellular shift ... densa receives high
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... mmol creatinine) High ... Low-normal EABV, High ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Dialysis Serum potassium ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #hyperkalemia #potassium ... #high #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm
 • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation
 • Reconsider treatment leadingto
and parenteral potassium ... Intracellular K+ Shift ... Algorithm #treatment #potassium ... #high
Orthopedic Fracture Classification - Pelvic and Lower Limbs
Letournel Classification Acetabular Fractures:
 • Simple Types: Anterior column,
Orthopedic Fracture Classification ... Limbs Letournel Classification ... columns Pipkin Classification ... femoral neck (high ... of Femoral Shaft
Hyperkalemia Management
Pseudohyperkalemia: 1. Hemolyzed sample 2. Blood drawn from a site/line where potassium or TPN is
site/line where potassium ... minutes-hour) -Shift ... Management #treatment #potassium ... #high
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
extracellular shift ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Framework • Cellular Shift ... Diagnosis #Causes #potassium ... #high