14 results
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... transformation to acute leukemia ... Myelodysplastic #Syndrome ... #oncology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
Leukemias Overview ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Hematology #Oncology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Cancer: • Leukemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
• Neutropenia, anemia ... • Richter’s Syndrome ... • Sezary syndrome ... diagnosis #workup #oncology ... #hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Leukemia, Tumour ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... Constitutional Syndromes ... marrow-failure syndromes ... virus (EBV) • Leukemia ... #oncology #hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis):
 • Acute infection
 • Solid organ
malignancies • Anemia ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Chronic myeloid leukemia ... Diagnosis #Causes #hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Summary
Overview: 
 • Most common leukemia in adults
 • Disorder of
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ... • Most common leukemia ... 5) Symptoms of anemia ... marrow failure with anemia ... #oncology #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
• Aplastic Anemia ... Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ... • Hairy Cell Leukemia ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
40 ml/min A - Anemia ... plasmacytoma, POEMs syndrome ... MGUS #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology