11 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Diagnosis - Based ... Signs and symptoms ... criteria for MS ... objective evidence of neurologic ... #neurology #treatment
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Sclerosis (ALS) ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... : months - Criteria ... : El Escorial criteria ... #Sclerosis #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... dysfunction SPINE Mnemonic ... Differential Diagnosis ... #causes #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential Diagnosis ... and signs below ... Tract Lesions: • Bilateral ... : - Multiple sclerosis ... #neurology #differential
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
and multiple sclerosis ... Central #Vertigo #diagnosis ... #findings #signs ... #symptoms #comparison ... #neurology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
result in permanent neurologic ... Lower motor neuron symptoms ... Etiology: - Tabes ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Hyperreflexia develops later ... Criteria: • Sensory ... signs and/or symptoms ... : - Multiple sclerosis ... #management #neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Coltivirus Symptoms ... parenchymatous (tabes ... influenzae Symptoms ... Acute meningeal signs ... #neurology #meningitis
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
, particularly scleritis ... purpura: Strong sign ... < 30 years • Aorta ... Arteritis): • Aorta ... • Progressive symptoms
Headaches Overview - Primary vs Secondary Headaches

What’s the Core Difference?
 • Primary headache = headache is
headache is a symptom ... Use the mnemonic ... • Tension – Bilateral ... N Neurological signs ... #Diagnosis