25 results
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... include protein C deficiency ... Aldosterone Deficiency ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs and Symptoms
 • Brain: Androgenization effects, Glucocorticoid effects,
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency ... - Signs and Symptoms ... #Hydroxylase #Deficiency ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... : Commonly no signs ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency ... 21-OHD in the adrenal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... /Symptoms: • GH ... deficiency: ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... : • T4 deficiency ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
Primary Adrenal ... Serum tests that detect ... autoimmune-mediated primary ... pituitary) and deficiency ... diagnosis #testing #endocrinology
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Upper Urinary Tract ... - Indwelling urinary ... them to adhere to renal ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ... Findings Urgency Urinary ... intrinsic sphincter deficiency ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms