12 results
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
DPP-4 Inhibitors ... - Pharmacology ... failure Common Side Effects ... #Inhibitors #Pharmacology ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
Clinical Effects of Large and Small Pituitary Tumours
Local complications - Headache, Visual field defect, Disconnection hyperprolactinaemia,
Clinical Effects ... Large and Small Pituitary ... , Visual field defect ... #Tumors #Signs ... Symptoms #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
DPP4 Inhibitors - Normal and Renal Dosing

Increase Incretins (GLP-I & GIP) -> Stimulates Insulin, Inhibits Glucagon
DPP4 Inhibitors ... titrate up to effects ... only few side effects ... Renal #Dosing #Pharmacology ... Diabetes #DM2 #Endocrinology
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs and Symptoms
 • Brain: Androgenization effects, Glucocorticoid effects,
Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs ... Glucocorticoid effects ... • Hypothalamic–Pituitary ... Hydroxylase #Deficiency #Signs ... Symptoms #diagnosis #endocrinology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
Pituitary Mass Effects ... Pituitary adenomas ... secreting tumors can ... Signs / Symptoms ... #SideEffects #endocrinology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
gestational diseases can ... production by the pituitary ... can also occur. ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology
Approach to Thyroid Function Tests in the Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism
 • Low TSH, Low normal T4
Can repeat labs ... Hyperthyroidism → Signs ... Hyperthyroidism → MRI Pituitary ... algorithm #diagnosis #endocrinology
GLP-1 Agonists

Adlyxin (Lixisenatide) Daily
Bydureon (Exenatide ER) Weekly 
Ozempic (Semaglutide) Weekly 
Trulicity (Dulaglutide) Weekly 
Victoza (Liraglutide) Daily
Common side effects ... the product, it can ... very similar to DPP4s ... GLP1 #Agonists #Pharmacology ... Diabetes #DM2 #Endocrinology
First Generation Anti-Psychotics: Mechanisms and Side Effects
Typical/Conventional Anti-Psychotics - Examples: Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine

ACh M1 antagonist - Block
Mechanisms and Side Effects ... Chlorpromazine ACh ... Block action of ACh ... Hypothalamus -> Pituitary ... #SideEffects #pharmacology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
production • CRH ... Serum tests that detect ... hypothalamus or pituitary ... deficiency (from the pituitary ... diagnosis #testing #endocrinology