10 results
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
transporter Bartter syndrome ... limb Gitelman syndrome ... Liddle syndrome ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... Diagnosis ECF ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Associations Hyaline ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... Urinary #Casts #Differential ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Diagnosis: Causes ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... insufficiency - Rapid saline ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... #Summary #Nephrology
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Right Atrium - Differential ... Diagnosis 1. ... opacification by agitated saline ... #clinical #echocardiogram ... #s4c #pocus #bubble
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... Ketoacidosis, Saline ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
constipation Differential ... Diagnosis: • ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume restriction alone ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
of cells on the distal ... convoluted tubule ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... , Renal tubular ... #diagnosis #nephrology
This infographic provides a mnemonic tool called “WOBBLER” for assessing an ECG (electrocardiogram) in cases of
interval and a delta ... Epsilon #clinical #diagnosis ... dangerous yet subtle ... #cardiology #differential ... #echocardiogram