21 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria • Signs ... → Diagnostic of ... #nephrology #renal
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
mimics complete • Central ... of bladder and rectal ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... syndrome: troponin ... #nephrology #causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... disc herniation (central ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... : • Pathophysiology ... #TLS #diagnosis
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Demyelinating Syndrome ... Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... autoantibodies that will cause ... #rheumatology # ... cerebritis #diagnosis
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... factor PRES Diagnosis ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause ... #neurology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... , and possibly renal ... at the time of diagnosis ... #Management #Signs
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
(Wallenberg's syndrome ... Syndrome usually ... varying neurologic signs ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology