16 results
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome ... hypernatremia - DI, Central ... , Loop diuretics ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
HINTS Exam - Bidirectional Nystagmus 

In a patient with vertigo symptoms, this finding is worrisome for
symptoms, this finding ... worrisome for a CENTRAL ... cause of vertigo ... #Positive #Neurology ... #Central #Vertigo
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... Diabetes insipidus (central ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
HINTS Exam - Abnormal Test of Skew (Abnormal Vertical Skew)

In a patient with vertigo symptoms, this
symptoms, this finding ... worrisome for a CENTRAL ... cause of vertigo ... #Neurology #Vertigo ... #Central
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Carbenoxolone, SAME, Cushing ... Syndrome • HTN ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
HINTS Exam - Normal Head Impulse Test = Central Cause

This patient as a normal head impulse
Impulse Test = Central ... symptoms, this normal finding ... worrisome for a CENTRAL ... #Neurology #Vertigo ... #Central
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Kidney stones caused ... Desmopressin (DDAVP) • Central ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology # ... Medications #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Decreased Intake: - Fasting ... , Bartter's syndrome ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Thiazide or loop diuretics ... diuretic effect ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology