2918 results
Jugular Waveform Components 
 • a wave - due to atrial contraction: It occurs just before
• x descent - ... • c wave - caused ... • x descent - ... • y descent - ... is caused by the
RA/CVP Waveform Interpretation

Central venous pressure (CVP) or right atrial pressure (RAP) waveform tracings can often times
waves and two descents ... “cannon waves” caused ... - ‘c’ wave (TV cusps ... blunting of ‘x’ descent ... - ‘y’ descent
Intrapartum Abnormal Fetal HR Tracing - Causes of Variability & Decelerations - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Minimal/Absent Variability
Fetal HR Tracing - Causes ... • Rapid fetal descent ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Normal hepatic vein Doppler Ultrasound tracing
1) a large antegrade waveform (negative velocity) noted during early and
corresponds to the " x " descent ... in RA pressure caused ... relates to the " y " descent ... This wave is caused
Kussmaul's sign in Constrictive Pericarditis 

A 50-year-old woman with a remote history of mediastinal lymphoma (age
Causes = RV failure ... pericarditis (this case ... The rapid Y descent
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Diagnosis and Causes
Clinical: Dyspnea, Exercise Intolerance, ↑ "Right Sided-Symptoms" (ascites, hepatomegaly, ↑↑peripheral edema)
Physical
Diagnosis and Causes ... Prominent X and Y Descents ... Cardiomyopathy #Diagnosis #Causes
Kussmaul's Sign and Friedreich's Sign on Neck Examination

A middle-aged M with unknown PMH presents with dyspnea.
the underlying cause ... (sharp/deep Y-descent
Giant A waves caused by pulmonary HTN. There are two clearly discernible descents (X and Y)
Giant A waves caused ... clearly discernible descents
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Common European descent ... intralobular bile ducts causes
Causes of Constipation in Adults
Most common
 - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake
 - Poor bowel habits
Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... syndrome - Perineal descent ... #Constipation #Causes