9 results
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... Hypernatremia #Classification ... #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic: Diabetes ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... kidney disease, and nephrotic ... kidney disease, and nephrotic ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
and Workup Step ... volume loss - diuretics ... liver failure • nephrotic ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... (diuretics), Hypothyroidism ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Summary of characteristic abnormalities of selected glomerular diseases
Light Microscopy (LM) - Immunofluorescence Microscopy (IM) - Electron
EM) Haematuria/nephritis ... glomerulosclerosis • Diabetic ... glomerular #diseases #nephrology ... #pathology #comparison ... #table #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... STOP offending medications ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology