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differential algorithm hyperkalemia hypokalemia high alkalosis chloride diuresis diuretics excretion gitelman hypomg medications metabolic pathophysiology pharmacology renal treatment urinary urine
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... loss • Hypomagnesemia-induced ... tubular acidosis (type ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Uncontrolled diabetes ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... (K) & magnesium( ... consumption • Low ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Correction of diabetic ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Failure • SLE • Type ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Failure • SLE • Type ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Aldosterone, RTA Type ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... #potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Supplement: • Potassium ... • Magnesium ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Diagnosis of ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Hypomagnesemia ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
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