11 results
Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
Clinical Findings Grading ... ligament substance leading ... LowAnkleSprain #Sports #MSK ... #orthopedics #Grading ... Grades #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
subthreshold mechanical loading ... from continued loading ... StressFractures #msk ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Disease • Poor Nutrition ... Fractures #Pathologic #MSK ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Orthopedics ... #Causes
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
initiation of nutrition ... changes and may cause ... Arrhythmias are the leading ... Refeeding #Syndrome #Nutrition ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Subtrochanteric Femur Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Subtrochanteric region spans 5 cm distally from the
fractures in elderly Causes ... Femur #Fractures #msk ... #orthopedics #diagnosis ... #differential #causes ... #pathophysiology
Classification of Pelvic Ring Fractures: Mechanisms, Clinical Features and Complications
 • Anterior Posterior Compression (APC) -
Classification #Grades #Grading ... #Orthopedics #MSK ... complications #pathophysiology
Fracture Healing (and disruptors of this process)
Inflammatory Stage (0-7d)
 • Fracture disrupts local blood vessels ->
) • Fracture disrupts ... Fluoroquinolones - Causes ... Healing #Stages #Orthopedics ... #msk #Staging # ... pathophysiology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
persons with poor nutrition ... nonimmune hemolysis MSK ... , or any other cause ... #AscorbicAcid #Pathophysiology ... #Nutrition #Diagnosis
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Manifestations Causes ... rice/processed grains ... syndromes #beriberi #nutrition ... #pathophysiology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
: • 1400 new cases ... 10-33% develop MS ... monophasic Pathophysiology ... • Infectious causes ... antibodies • Nutritional