2003 results
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
- Spinal Cord Syndromes ... - Herniated disc ... Intervertebral disk ... Etiology: - Disc ... Etiology: - Disc
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... Posterior Cord Syndrome ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... -> Trauma, disc
Leigh Syndrome 
History: 19-month-old girl with hypotonia, developmental 
delay, failure to thrive, and bilateral optic disc
Leigh Syndrome ... bilateral optic disc ... MarkMamloukMD #Leigh #Syndrome
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Cauda Equina Syndrome ... - acute lumbar disc ... - Cauda equina syndrome ... large lower lumbar disc
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... lumbar degenerative disc ... #CaudaEquina #Syndrome
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
• Sjögren’s syndrome ... retina or optic disk ... hyperviscosity syndrome
Orofacial Granulomatosis - Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Idiopathic OFG: isolated swelling of the lips, BX+ non-caseating granuloma
Melkersson-Rosenthal
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome ... Syphilis, Cat-Scratch Dis
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary Otalgia 
 - Pain that originates from the ear
- Ramsay Hunt syndrome ... Temporomandibular joint syndrome ... Nerve V: • TMJ syndrome ... torticollis, cervical disc
Spinal Cord Injury Syndromes
Complete, Incomplete, Paraplegia, Tetraplegia
Incomplete Spinal Cord Syndromes:
 - Brown Sequard Syndrome
 - Anterior
Spinal Cord Injury Syndromes ... Brown Sequard Syndrome ... Anterior Cord Syndrome ... Posterior Cord Syndrome ... - Central Cord Syndrome
Central Cord Syndromes
 - Anterior Cord Syndrome
 - Central Cord Syndrome
 - Brown Sequard Syndrome

#CentralCord #Syndromes
Central Cord Syndromes ... Anterior Cord Syndrome ... - Central Cord Syndrome ... Brown Sequard Syndrome ... #CentralCord #Syndromes