23 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Aortic Stenosis Grading on echocardiography
The cut-offs for grading can be found in table 1. Discrepancies are
Aortic Stenosis Grading ... The cut-offs for grading ... can be found in table ... and are usually caused ... AorticStenosis #Classification
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... 3L /day Water Diuresis ... Water and solute loading ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Urinary Losses - Diuretics ... Low #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Caused by splanchnic ... Pathophysiology: ... Exclude other AKI causes ... Classification: ... volume expansion + diuretic
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... tourniquet while drawing ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Shock Classification Types - Pathophysiology Comparison

Obstructive Shock:
 • Obstructive shock is characterized by a blockage in
Shock Classification ... Types - Pathophysiology ... in blood flow caused ... Depends on the cause ... external fluid loss leading
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... gastrointestinal osmotic gradient ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology