34 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
the Nephron - Diuretics ... Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic Diuretics ... mannitol) 3) Loop Diuretics ... HCTZ) 5) Potassium-sparing ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic ... Panel A, loop diuretics ... shown in Panel C, diuretics ... binding to sodium–potassium–chloride ... #Pathophysiology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... syndromes - Gitelman ... Magnesium #Table #Classification
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Urine Cl - Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #differential #algorithm
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... tubular acidosis • Gitelman's ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #low #potassium
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #differential #potassium