11 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... hypernatremia - CHF ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... anemia) • G-CSF ... vomiting) • Low ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Urinary Losses - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... differential #diagnosis #table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
G-K), K-sparing diuretics ... Na delivery): CHF ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Slow - don’t delay
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
mental status and low ... excreted using diuretics ... #differential #algorithm ... cardiology #treatment #table ... #heartfailure #chf
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
metabolic equivalent able ... disease b) CHF ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... Stable patients ... Orthopedic • Low
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... • Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #Differential #Algorithm ... nephrology #sodium #low