15 results
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
cell casts - Absent ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Syndrome #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... → Refer to Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Workup ... #urology #blood
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... decompression • Diverticulum ... Urethritis • Urethral diverticulum ... #nephrology #renal ... #urine #blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... #nephrology #causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... with previously stable ... #Hypertension #Workup ... #Diagnosis #indications
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
specific to NBTE, and diagnosis ... is required for diagnosis ... in up to 30% of cases ... #Endocarditis #comparison ... #table
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Unexplained hypotension
• Unexplained bronchospasm (wheeze may be absent
❻ If systolic blood ... -10 ml clotted blood ... as patient is stable ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Rapid, increasing signs of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) is an important key feature of NMS. EPS, associated
about 95% of NMS cases ... (CK) and white blood ... #Diagnosis #Serotonin ... NeurolepticMalignant #Comparison ... #Table
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
• Immunologic Workup ... Discontinuation of causal ... druginduced #lupus #sle #comparison ... #table #rheumatology ... #diagnosis #management
Mains Electricity Failure - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Unexpected total power failure is rare and unpredictable.
Guidelines for Crises ... the pulse and blood ... until patient is stable ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup