20 results
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Classification ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
- Classification ... a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... tubular necrosis (causes ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... #nephrology #causes
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... Diagnosis Turbid ... (blue diaper syndrome ... UTI caused by (Proteus ... #nephrology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... of Altered Urine ... Conditions: blue diaper ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... Differential #Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Lateral Medullary Syndrome - Wallenberg's Syndrome
Acute continuous vertigo due to Posterior Circulation Stroke (usually Posterior Inferior
Acute continuous ... Artery occlusion) Clinical ... Findings: • Nausea ... #Wallenbergs #neurology ... #diagnosis
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
workup 1) Clinical ... Alzheimer - 1st cause ... Aphaso-apraxo-agnosia syndrome ... Differential #Subtypes #Classification ... #Geriatrics #Workup