18 results
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... Serum albumin - Low ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Cerebral salt wasting ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Hyponatremia #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Sodium 4) Serum ... Uric Acid - Low ... Acid → renal salt wasting ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... in monitoring low-level ... infections are common causes ... #workup #diagnosis ... #nephritic #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... sodium is typically ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
- Differential Diagnosis ... and Screening Testing ... Oral sodium loading ... test (with 24-h urine ... #Workup #table