20 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
- Differential Diagnosis ... Oral sodium loading ... urine aldosterone ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Screening #Workup #table
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... Glucocorticoid deficiency, Primary ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Hyponatremia #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... microscopy / urinary ... calcium Optional: urinary ... investigations abnormal ... #nephrology #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... , Gitelman syndrome ... sodium is typically ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Differential #Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Conditions: urinary ... Conditions: Pseudomonas urinary ... Conditions: blue diaper ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... Diagnosis Turbid ... (blue diaper syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential Diagnosis ... leukemia Measure Urine ... or High PTH: Primary ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology