13 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
inner retinal nerve ... arterioles causes optic nerve ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
lumbar spine Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... damage to sacral nerves ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
findings Acute or Chronic ... bone): facial nerve ... dizziness, vertigo, nystagmus ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
Signs / Symptoms ... / Complications ... • Post-nasal drip ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
leads to optic nerve ... damage & blindness Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology
Cholesteatoma (of middle ear): Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Congenital trapping of keratinizing epithelium in middle
the middle ear Signs ... Mastoiditis • Chronic ... media • Facial nerve ... Cholesteatoma #MiddleEar #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
C.diff - Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Clinical Presentation + Progression:
Perforation) Pathophysiology ... Spore ingestion → colonic ... CT A/P: Assess complications ... KUB ↓↓Sens for complications ... • Flex-Sig: If
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Paget’s Disease: Complications ... compress spinal nerve ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Bulimia Nervosa: Signs and Symptoms
Associated Psychological / Behavioural Features
 • Feelings of shame, guilt and embarrassment
Bulimia Nervosa: Signs ... gum disease from chronic ... indication of chronic ... Symptoms related to complications ... BulimiaNervosa #pathophysiology
Clinical Feature of Hypomagnesemia and Magnesium Deficiency
 • Electrolyte Disturbance: Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia
 • Neuromuscular and central
tremors, Vertigo, Nystagmus ... sensitivity • Complications ... Migraine, Asthma, Chronic ... Hypomagnesemia #diagnosis #signs