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diagnosis differential management algorithm hypokalemia renal rhabdomyolysis alkalosis chloride diuresis diuretics excretion gitelman hematuria hyperkalemia k low medications metabolic pathophysiology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... pain hematuria syndrome ... vasculitis - Dysmorphic ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... losses: • High Blood ... #nephrology #low
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Weakness - Dark urine ... UA positive for blood ... Monitor potassium ... #treatment #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low blood ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
hour with goal urine ... Monitor potassium ... per day until stable ... Management #Summary #causes ... #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... #potassium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Kidney stones caused ... Prevention of blood ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Normal or low blood ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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