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Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults
Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach
 •
Management of Hyperkalemia ... mmol/L - Consider cause ... guided by clinical ... scenario, ECG and ... Prevention - Consider cause
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
metastases, Infection (e.g ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... disease, Drugs (e.g ... Treatment is aimed ... Classification #Types #Nephrology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... Deep coma (any cause ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus) on Physical Exam
A tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one
Caused commonly ... by: - drugs (e.g ... neurodegenerative disorders (eg ... #PhysicalExam #clinical ... #neurology #posture
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Herpes, Coxsackie, etc ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... Diagnosis #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... only if no clear cause ... Terbutaline 7 µg/kg ... #potassium #nephrology
KDIGO Treatment algorithm for management of acute hyperkalemia in the emergency department
 • Place on cardiac
KDIGO Treatment ... management of acute hyperkalemia ... monitor 12-lead ECG ... management #algorithm #treatment ... potassium #high #nephrology
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
39 C this is a clinical ... Treatment depends ... Surgical devices, e.g ... Sepsis (→ 3-14) e.g ... malignant syndrome (e.g
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
risk factors (eg ... hypertension (eg ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... hypertension (eg ... Neurologic disorders