62 results
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Hypernatremia - Differential ... in kidneys) - Medications ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diet/Lifestyle
 • Fibre
 • Calories
 • Fluid
 • Exercise
 • Psychosocial
Medications
 •
Constipation - Differential ... Psychosocial Medications ... Neurally Active Medications ... • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Osborn (J Wave)

Etiology 
• Hypothermia (below 320C / SOOF) 
• Normal variant 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Neurological
Normal variant • Hypercalcemia ... Neurological insult • Medications ... fibrillation Clinical ... JWave #Diagnosis #Differential ... #ECG #Hypothermia
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... repolarization causes ... prolonged PR and QT ... #EKG #ECG #Changes ... #Progression #Table
Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults
Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach
 •
Emergency Management ... mmol/L - Consider cause ... Treatment guided by clinical ... scenario, ECG and ... #management #algorithm
Common Medications Known to Prolong QTc
Antiarrhythmics - Amiodarone, sotalol, flecainide, quinidine, dronedarone, dofetilide
Vasopressors/inotropes - Epinephrine, norepinephrine,
Common Medications ... Known to Prolong QTc ... pseudoephedrine #QTc ... #Causes #differential ... #pharmacology #table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... - Hypokalemia ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table
Bradycardia Diagnostic and Management Algorithm

CONSIDER ETIOLOGY (not inclusive): 
 - STRUCTURAL: sick sinus, AV block, ischemia,
Diagnostic and Management ... LIFE THREATENING CAUSES ... Electrolytes (hyperkalemia ... #Diagnosis #Management ... Bradycardia #Algorithm #Differential
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Shock - Differential ... depletion - Medication ... #Syncope #Differential ... Classification #Table ... #Causes