48 results
Osborn (J Wave)

Etiology 
• Hypothermia (below 320C / SOOF) 
• Normal variant 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Neurological
Normal variant • Hypercalcemia ... Neurological insult • Medications ... fibrillation Clinical ... #Cardiology #EKG ... #ECG #Hypothermia
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Infiltrative disorders (e.g ... (e.g. lithium, ... renal diseases (e.g ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diet/Lifestyle
 • Fibre
 • Calories
 • Fluid
 • Exercise
 • Psychosocial
Medications
 •
Constipation - Differential ... (e.g. ... Cation Related (e.g ... Anticholinergic (e.g ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... repolarization causes ... prolonged PR and QT ... #EKG #ECG #Changes ... #Progression #Table
Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults
Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach
 •
Emergency Management ... mmol/L - Consider cause ... Treatment guided by clinical ... scenario, ECG and ... #management #algorithm
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Shock - Differential ... side effect (e.g ... side effect (e.g ... Classification #Table ... #Causes
Managing side effects of birth control

Adverse effects associated with hormonal contraceptives (e.g. headache, breakthrough bleeding, etc)
contraceptives (e.g ... continuous use (e.g ... changing the COC (e.g ... #management #medications ... #obgyn #table #
Checklist Approach to Hypokalemia

Consider risk factors for arrhythmia:
 - EKG changes (especially QT prolongation)
 - Digoxin
arrhythmia: - EKG ... their validity (e.g ... incongruous with clinical ... context & EKG) ... #Management #CriticalCare
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
IV Mg infusion (e.g ... Hypermagnesemia #Differential ... High #Magnesium #Table ... #Causes #Management