29 results
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Diagnosis GI losses ... Infiltrative disorders (e.g ... - Medications (e.g ... renal diseases (e.g ... #Diagnosis #Table
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... prolonged PR and QT ... #Diagnosis #Hyperkalemia ... #EKG #ECG #Changes ... #Progression #Table
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Malignancy (e.g ... CNS pathology (e.g ... hemorrhage) - Pulmonary ... pathology (e.g. ... #Diagnosis #Table
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... Testing #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
metastases, Infection (e.g ... Metabolic causes (e.g ... ., hypokalemia, ... disease, Drugs (e.g ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Liver Failure • Hypercalcemia ... Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary ... Disease Neurologic ... • Drug Abuse (e.g
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
of Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Excess ... SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Diagnosis Approach ... with previously stable ... risk factors (eg ... hypertension (eg ... hypertension (eg
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Herpes, Coxsackie, etc ... per day until stable ... #Diagnosis #Management
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
High altitude (eg ... respiratory drive due to neurologic ... Intrapulmonary shunting (eg ... intracardiac shunting (eg ... #Diagnosis #pulmonary