25 results
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Familial: Bartter syndrome ... and Gitelman syndrome ... - Acquired: Medications ... transplant, Diuretic ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... Loses - Medications ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Water Central Diabetes ... in kidneys) - Medications ... renal amyloidosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
with short bowel syndrome ... anti-freeze, varnish, etc ... salicylate toxicity causes ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Priapism 

Secondary Causes:
Medications- intracavernosal injections, anticoagulants, PDE5 inhibitors, alpha blockers, methylphenidate, cocaine
Any hyperviscosity syndrome (SCD, leukemia,
Secondary Causes ... : Medications- ... hyperviscosity syndrome ... Diabetes, hyperlipidemia ... Priapism #Diagnosis #Management
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
by Mechanism Renal ... IV Mg infusion (e.g ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... High #Magnesium #Table ... #Causes #Management
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
depletion - Medication ... disease • Diabetes ... Subclavian steal syndrome ... Classification #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications ... #Table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
, including a diuretic ... with previously stable ... , presence of renal ... Renal parenchymal ... Differential #Diagnosis #indications