10 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Metabolic acidosis ... acidosis: Proximal ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... and potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... , Pyroglutamic acid ... Chronic progressive kidney ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... acidosis: Proximal ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Differentials? ... And BMP Normal Values ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... normal Type 4: Hyperkalemic ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... #Differential ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
type A/B • Uric Acid ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Syndrome type 1-4, Lowe ... Stones #pediatrics #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... , TTKG, distal flow ... Non-Anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis • Hyperosmolarity ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
and ulcers • Vagus ... hormonal imbalances (low ... malnutrition -> Kidney ... acidosis (loss ... ) • Overall: hypokalemia
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology