23 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... Diagnosis - GOLDMARK ... salicylate toxicity causes ... underexcretion of acids ... #mnemonic #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... And BMP Normal Values ... Diagnosis: Causes ... #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
K+: • Tissue injury ... lysis syndrome • Metabolic ... glycosides • High ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... Urethral stricture/valves ... /phimosis #Diagnosis ... #Differential # ... Nephrology **
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
- Differential ... Traumatic brain injury ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Uremia, Liver failure ... #Causes #neurology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... oxoproline) • Renal failure ... #Acidosis #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Phrenic nerve injury ... aminoglycosides) • Muscles: Acid ... Malnutrition, Metabolic ... #differential # ... diagnosis #neurology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
the indicated causes ... and potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... infusions) - Metabolic ... insufficiency/Failure ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology