2608 results
Guidelines Directed medical therapy for Heart Failure 

Satyendra Dhar, MD, @DharSaty

#HFrEF #GDMT #sodium-glucosecotransporter-2inhibitors #SGLT2i #reninangiotensinaldosteronesysteminhibitors
#PARADIGM-HF #EMPEROR-Reduced
Thiazide induced Hyponatremia - Pathophysiology
 • Reduced distal delivery
 • Inhibition of the NCC (dilution capcity)-
Thiazide induced ... Pathophysiology • Reduced ... mechanism • Reduced ... #Thiazide #induced ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Increased Intake • Reduced ... potassium with reduced ... Hyperkalemia #Nephrology #Differential
Selected Clinical Trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in CVD and CKD
EMPA-REG OUTCOME - Empagliflozin lowered CV events
EMPEROR-REDUCED
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... blood (ischemia-induced ... excrete more K+ to reduce ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential
Myositis and Myopathies
#ESR #CK #Differential diagnosis of myopathy 
#Inflammatory #myopathies	#Dermatomyositis	
#muscle weakness
#Polymyositis	
#Inclusion body myositis
#Polymyalgia rheumatica	
#Fibromyalgia	
#Hypothyroid myopathy	
#Muscle stiffness
#Drug-induced
Myopathies #ESR #CK #Differential ... stiffness #Drug-induced ... Corticosteroid-induced ... myopathy #Statin-induced ... myopathy #Cocaine-induced
Secondary Causes of Hypertension
Renal hypertension 
Endocrine hypertension 
Cardiovascular hypertension 
Neurogenic hypertension 
Hypertension in pregnancy 
Toxic agent-induced
pregnancy Toxic agent-induced ... and drug-induced ... #Hypertension #Differential
Etiologies of dilated cardiomyopathy. HF, heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HIV, human
heart failure with reduced ... cardiomyopathy #differential
Differential Diagnosis - Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)

IMADE mnemonic:
 • Infection
 • Malignancy
 • Autoimmune (Rheumatologic)
Differential Diagnosis ... Rheumatologic) • Drug-induced ... UnknownOrigin #Differential
Mechanical Cardiac Support Devices Compared
Cannula Size - Insertion Technique - Haemodynarnic Support
IABP:
 • Afterload: Reduced
 •
• Afterload: Reduced ... pre-load: Slightly reduced ... stroke volume: Reduced ... • LV pre-load: Reduced ... PCW pressure: Reduced