10 results
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... formation along glomerular ... anti-phospholipid syndrome ... #nephrology #diagnosis ... #renal
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... #Classification ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... pain hematuria syndrome ... - RBC casts → Diagnostic ... causes #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Na >30: Renal losses ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Hyponatremia #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... atypical HUS; MPGN ... arbitrarily defined as urine ... #nephrotic #syndrome ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm 1) Check Urine ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Albuminuria (Grades) and Risk for CKD
Normal to mildly increased albuminuria:
 - Albumin excretion rate: < 30
associated with worse renal ... proteinuria: - Urine ... defined as nephrotic syndrome ... #CKD #nephrology ... #diagnosis #proteinuria
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
pulmonary and renal ... Vasculitis - Skin, glomeruli ... : - Kidneys: glomerular ... • Urinalysis (Renal ... #rheumatology #classification
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... , Renal tubular ... #diagnosis #nephrology