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Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
matter vasogenic edema ... epilepticus Treatment ... the underlying cause ... • Treatment of ... with AEDs until cause
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Causes of Lactate ... perfusion - shock->treatments ... before beginning treatment ... Acute pulmonary edema ... - Compartment syndrome
Orthopedic Emergencies
Compartment Syndrome
 • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
Syndrome caused ... Syndrome usually ... myalgia - Edema ... including DM • Treatment ... diagnosis #management #treatment
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
and Peripheral Edema ... presence of pulmonary edema ... & Dry) is the treatment ... acute coronary syndrome ... the determined cause
Complications after Bariatric Surgery
Post Bariatric Intestinal Failure:
 • Severe protein malnutrition after bariatric surgery
 • More
Manifests with edema ... Consider refeeding syndrome ... nutrients • TPN for treatment ... deficiencies) Dumping Syndrome ... Gastric bypass causes
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... hyperlipidemia edema ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes
Hyperthermia Syndromes Comparison
Serotonin Syndrome - NMS - Malignant Hyperthermia - Malignant Catatonia
Cause - Onset - Vitals
Hyperthermia Syndromes ... Comparison Serotonin Syndrome ... Malignant Catatonia Cause ... Mental Status - Treatment ... #Hyperthermia #Syndromes
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Causes of Generalized ... Edema - Differential ... • Nephrotic Syndrome ... Burns/Trauma #Edema ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Pitting vs Non-Pitting Edema: Differential Diagnosis
For pitting edema: there's generally an issue with :
  ↑
vs Non-Pitting Edema ... Diagnosis For pitting edema ... is usually caused ... Pitting #NonPitting #Edema ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes