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Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Equina Syndrome ... equina syndrome ... Equina Syndrome ... #Equina #syndrome
Causes of Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Always assess for red flags. If no red flags,
- Differential Diagnosis ... dysfunction, saddle paresthesia ... of neoplasm • Fracture ... Radicular Symptoms • Cauda ... Equina Syndrome
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Conditions: • Cauda ... Equina Syndrome ... saddle (perineal) anesthesia ... such as fibular fracture ... #neurology #sensory
Monteggia Fracture 
Fracture of proximal ulnar shaft with radial head dislocation. Remember “MUGR” to recall where
Peak age 4-10 • Ulna ... Exam: swollen elbow ... ), compartment syndrome ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Management #Orthopedics
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture
• Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 
• When looking at
common elbow fracture ... ), compartment syndrome ... • ED Management ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Management #Orthopedics
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... • Serotonin syndrome ... Anticholinergic syndrome ... Sympathomimetic syndrome ... #Management #Workup
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
- Spinal Cord Syndromes ... Brown-Séquard Syndrome ... Posterior Cord Syndrome ... Central Cord Syndrome ... Equina Syndrome
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes (ISCS)
 • Central - Small Lesion - Suspended sensory deficit, classic cape
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes ... dysfunction, saddle anesthesia ... LMN types) • Cauda ... Incomplete #spinalcord #syndromes ... #diagnosis #neurology
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
- C6, C7, C8 Elbow ... hand" ± Horner Syndrome ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... #neurology #sensory ... #motor #arm #physicalexam
Who to block and who not to block? Guidelines for Emergency Regional Anesthesiafor Trauma Orthopedic Injuries
Block
Elbow fracture ... document detailed neurologic ... for compartment syndrome ... #Orthopedics #Management ... #Regional #Anesthesia