34 results
Pathologic Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphologies and Associated Diseases

Acanthocyte (spur cell),  
Basophilic stippling, 
Bite cell,
Basophilic stippling, Bite ... cell, Elliptocyte ... Microscopy #Pathology #Hematology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... US - Dilated Bile ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • US - Normal Bile ... - CBD stone, Biliary ... Transaminitis #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #hepatology
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Drugs - Primary biliary ... PSC - Other biliary ... diseases/Bile duct ... #hepatology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Primary Biliary ... gradual loss of bile ... inflammation and biliary ... #PBC #Primary #Biliary ... Pathophysiology #hepatology
Jaundice - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pre-Hepatic - Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Increased Production
 • Hemolysis
 • Ineffective Erythropoiesis
 • Hematoma
Decreased
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... on Ultrasound Biliary ... Gallstones • Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Hepatology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... of intralobular bile ... No extrahepatic biliary ... malignancy #Primary #Biliary ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
the liver ALP - Biliary ... tree or bile flow ... Transaminitis #diagnosis #hepatology
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
syndrome SAAG < 1.1: Biliary ... albumin #gradient #hepatology ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... pyropoikilocytes, elliptocytes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #workup #hematology