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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
lymphocytosis, eosinophilia ... Autoimmune thyroid disease ... nervous system symptoms ... Insufficiency #Signs ... #Symptoms #Adrenal
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Cortisol Deficiency: Signs ... glucose • ↑ Eosinophils ... Reduced libido • Signs ... endocrinology #diagnosis #signs
Suspected Celiac Disease - Diagnosis Algorithm

Celiac disease suspected:
 • Signs and symptoms of celiac disease
 •
suspected: • Signs ... and symptoms of ... discernable cause • Signs ... microscopic colitis Differential ... Inflammatory (IBD, eosinophilic
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential ... vomiting, auditory symptoms ... • Meniere's Disease ... symptoms/signs, ... #Differential #
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Algorithm and Differential ... blood count with differential ... clinical context and signs ... Interstitial nephritis: eosinophilia ... Workup #Algorithm #Differential
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Méniére's disease ... course of the disease ... Disease onset usually ... signs or symptoms ... Vertigo #Causes #differential
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... basement membrane disease ... hematuria • Signs ... of glomerular disease ... #nephrology #renal
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
into the left renal ... blood in left renal ... for underlying pathology ... Pathophysiology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Urology
Myasthenia Gravis Overview

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction.  Ab to
life-threatening Differential ... syndrome - Myotonic dystrophy ... /Cranial nerve pathology ... test - Cogan sign ... - Peek sign
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
amyotrophy with the pathologic ... of UMN and LMN signs ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in