17 results
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Differential Algorithm ... low, uric acid ... and uric acid low ... in euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
use in acute heart ... (B) Treatment algorithm ... intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... #CHF #Algorithm ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... volume loss - diuretics ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #nephrology #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... , Medications (diuretics ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... restriction alone in ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... • Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
B12 injections in ... anemia) • G-CSF ... vomiting) • Low ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #nephrology #low
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
In the vast majority ... in 100 mL boluses ... include vaptans (HF ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium