161 results
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intake • Reduced Excretion ... potassium with reduced excretion ... #Causes
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... -> Uric Acid (low ... urinary excretion ... (High urinary excretion ... Urate Nephropathy (low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urea/uric acid excretion ... Uric Acid - Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... nephrology #sodium #low
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... COHb, MetHb) - Low ... CaO2 → Low SvO2 ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intake: • Low ... related to renin secretion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
Fractional excretion ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Burns Increased Excretion ... Fistula Increased Excretion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... endocrinology #causes
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
Tubular Poisons (Low ... nephron -> Decr secretion ... nephron -> Under-excretion ... Release of purine bases ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
Shock - Pathophysiology 
Inadequate tissue perfusion to meet O2, nutrient requirements
1. Distributive Shock
2. Hypovolemic Shock
3. Cardiogenic
Shock - Pathophysiology ... Shock #Shock #Pathophysiology ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes