14 results
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Acidosis (RTA) Type ... 1 - Failure of secretion ... wasting Type 4 ... proximal features and high ... #classification
Albuminuria (Grades) and Risk for CKD
Normal to mildly increased albuminuria:
 - Albumin excretion rate: < 30
) and Risk for CKD ... ): - Albumin excretion ... Macroalbuminuria is a type ... Albuminuria #Grades #classification ... #CKD #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm ... renal potassium excretion ... Normal, Renin High ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high ... Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis #algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... Failure • SLE • Type ... causes #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... Failure • SLE • Type ... causes #potassium #high
Type 2 Diabetes - Screening, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Lifestyle  Modifications (Diet and Exercise) -> Start
Type 2 Diabetes ... and Management Algorithm ... with DM2 • High ... Targets #Management #algorithm ... #DM2 #DMII #Classification
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
• ↓ Renal K+ Excretion ... Aldosterone, RTA Type ... VBG (acidosis), CK ... suggests ↓ renal excretion ... Elimination (see Table
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
ASA class If high ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... Risk Stratify Type ... of Surgery: • High ... What is the type
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Decreased Urinary Excretion ... Hypoaldosteronism: type ... depletion, - AKI/CKD ... Causes #potassium #high
Perhaps quite too often, the knee-jerk reaction to an elevated Troponin is to call our friends
extraction is so high ... are typically able ... patients with CAD ... clinica l#foamed #algorithm