10 results
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Fatigue Chloride ... transport, renal function ... Gastrointestinal function ... #Pathophysiology
Types of Chronic Urinary Incontinence

Type, Prevalence, Pathophysiology and Symptoms:
 - Stress
 - Urge
 - Mixed
 -
Type, Prevalence, Pathophysiology ... retention) - Functional ... Incontinence #Types #Comparison ... #Table #Stress ... Mixed #Overflow #Functional
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Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
Hypomagnesemia Fractional ... excretion of magnesium ... loss if renal function ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... Vomiting/nasogastric suction ... the indicated causes ... due to the excretion ... #urine #Algorithm
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... Nephron #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift:
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Tumor Lysis
 • Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Deficiency Decreased Excretion ... Impaired Renal Function ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... endocrinology #causes
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... shift • Saline Causes ... volume and sodium excretion ... • Saline May Cause ... coagulopathy - functional
Impact of Upper GI surgery on Pancreatic function
Surgery:
 • Pancreaticoduodenectomy
 • Pancreaticojejunostomy
 • Gastrectomy
 • Partial
on Pancreatic function ... of pancreatic secretion ... of pancreatic secretion ... effects #Pancreatic #function ... #comparison #table
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
exclude other causes ... sx: dyspnea on exertion ... during Delivery • Stable ... studies show no ↓ LV function
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
hemodynamics and cardiac function ... the determined cause ... #differential #algorithm ... cardiology #treatment #table