304 results
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology

EXOGENOUS PYROGEN
 • Bacteria: Lipopolysaccharide components, peptidoglycans and muramyl peptide derivatives, Toxins
 •
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology ... EXOGENOUS PYROGEN ... components Exogenous ... vasculature via: • Active ... Fever #Fever #Pathophysiology
Staging of Skin Mottling

Mottling is less sensitive, but more specific for hypoperfusion and elevated mortality (figure
Mottling suggests active ... endogenous vasoconstriction ... not additional exogenous ... Mottling #Staging #Clinical ... Diagnosis #Stages #Clinical
Rigors And Bacteremia - Overview

• Rigors are a response to the release of cytokines and prostaglandins
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: ... → Exogenous Pyrogen ... Pyrogen) → Endogenous ... vasculature via: • Active ... Rigors #Bacteremia #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Causes of Metabolic ... Severe K depletion, Exogenous ... BP = Bartter's Syndrome ... , Gitelman's Syndrome ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Causes
Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated FSH
 • Premature Ovarian Failure
 • Menopa use
 • Spontaneous
Bleed With
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ... Diabetes Mellitus • Exogenous ... Hyperprolactinemia Organic Cause ... • Empty Sella Syndrome ... endocrinology #causes
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
based on repeat clinic ... • Nephritic syndrome ... Excess: • Conn's syndrome ... Licorice • Liddle's syndrome ... Steroids (Cushing's, exogenous
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... ectopic ACTH) • Exogenous ... dehydrogenase activity ... loop diuretics actively ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
although hepatic causes ... namely, the many causes ... - Significant endogenous ... rare): - Reye syndrome ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... R - Cushing's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #causes